Biragaragara ko iki cyorezo cyagaragaje intege nke z’imigabane itangwa ku isi - ikibazo inganda z’ibikoresho zizakomeza guhura nazo muri uyu mwaka.Amashyaka atanga amasoko akeneye urwego rwo hejuru rwo guhinduka no gufatanya hafi kugirango yitegure byimazeyo guhangana nikibazo kandi yizeye guhangana nigihe cya nyuma ya covid.
Mu mwaka ushize, ihungabana ry’ibicuruzwa ku isi, ubwinshi bw’ibyambu, ibura ry’ubushobozi, izamuka ry’ibiciro by’imizigo yo mu nyanja hamwe n’ibyorezo bikomeje guteza ibibazo abatwara ibicuruzwa, ibyambu, abatwara ibicuruzwa n’abatanga ibikoresho.Dutegereje 2022, abahanga bavuga ko igitutu cy’urwego rwogutanga amasoko kizakomeza - umuseke urangiye umuyoboro ntuzagaragara kugeza igice cya kabiri cyumwaka hakiri kare.
Icy'ingenzi cyane, ubwumvikane ku isoko ryo kohereza ni uko igitutu kizakomeza mu 2022, kandi igipimo cy’imizigo ntigishobora gusubira ku rwego mbere y’icyorezo.Ibibazo byubushobozi bwicyambu hamwe nubucucike bizakomeza guhuzwa nibisabwa cyane ninganda zikoresha ibicuruzwa ku isi.
Monika Schnitzer, impuguke mu by'ubukungu mu Budage, avuga ko impinduka ya Omicron iriho izagira ingaruka ku gihe cyo gutwara abantu ku isi mu mezi ari imbere.Yagabishije ati: "Ibi birashobora gukaza umurego inzitizi zitangwa.""Bitewe n'ubwoko bwa delta, igihe cyo gutwara abantu kiva mu Bushinwa kijya muri Amerika cyiyongereye kuva ku minsi 85 kigera ku minsi 100, kandi gishobora kongera kwiyongera. Kubera ko ibintu bikomeje kuba bibi, Uburayi nabwo bugira ingaruka kuri ibyo bibazo."
Muri icyo gihe kandi, icyorezo gikomeje cyateje akajagari ku nkombe z’iburengerazuba bwa Amerika ndetse n’ibyambu bikomeye by’Ubushinwa, bivuze ko amato ya kontineri amagana ategereje ku nyanja kugira ngo ahagarare.Mu ntangiriro z'uyu mwaka, Maersk yihanangirije abakiriya ko igihe cyo gutegereza amato ya kontineri gupakurura cyangwa gutwara ibicuruzwa ku cyambu cya Long Beach hafi ya Los Angeles cyari hagati y'iminsi 38 na 45, kandi byari biteganijwe ko "ubukererwe" buzakomeza.
Urebye mu Bushinwa, hagenda hagaragara impungenge z'uko iterambere rya Omicron riherutse kuganisha ku gufunga ibyambu.Abategetsi b'Abashinwa bahagaritse by'agateganyo ibyambu bya Yantian na Ningbo umwaka ushize.Izi mbogamizi zatumye abashoferi batwara amakamyo batwara ibintu bipakiye kandi birimo ubusa hagati yinganda n’ibyambu, kandi guhagarika ibicuruzwa n’ubwikorezi byatumye ibicuruzwa bitinda byoherezwa mu mahanga no gusubiza ibintu birimo ubusa mu nganda zo mu mahanga.
I Rotterdam, icyambu kinini cy’Uburayi, biteganijwe ko ubucucike buzakomeza mu 2022. Nubwo ubu ubwato butategereje hanze ya Rotterdam, ubushobozi bwo kubika ni buke kandi guhuza mu gihugu cy’Uburayi ntabwo byoroshye.
Umuyobozi ushinzwe ubucuruzi mu cyambu cya Rotterdam, Emile hoogsteden, yagize ati: "Turateganya ko ubukana bukabije kuri gari ya moshi ya Rotterdam buzakomeza by'agateganyo mu 2022.""Ibi ni ukubera ko amato mpuzamahanga ya kontineri n'ubushobozi bwa terefone bitigeze byiyongera ku gipimo gihuye n'ibisabwa."Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, mu Kuboza umwaka ushize, icyambu cyatangaje ko ubwikorezi bwacyo bwarengeje miliyoni 15 za metero 20 zingana na kontineri (TEU) ku nshuro ya mbere.
Umuyobozi mukuru w'ikigo gishinzwe kwamamaza ku cyambu cya Hamburg, Axel yagize ati: "Ku cyambu cya Hamburg, imiyoboro yacyo ikora kandi myinshi ikora bisanzwe, kandi abakoresha kontineri batanga 24/7 mu masaha y'isaha.""Abitabiriye uruhare runini ku cyambu baragerageza gukuraho inzitizi n’ubukererwe vuba bishoboka."
Amato yatinze adashobora kwangizwa nicyambu cya Hamburg rimwe na rimwe biganisha ku kwegeranya ibicuruzwa byoherezwa hanze ku cyambu.Amatagisi, abatwara ibicuruzwa hamwe n’amasosiyete atwara ibicuruzwa abigizemo uruhare bazi neza inshingano zabo zo gukora neza no gukora mu rwego rwo kubishakira ibisubizo.
Nubwo igitutu cyabatwara ibicuruzwa, 2021 numwaka utera imbere kumasosiyete atwara kontineri.Dukurikije ibyahanuwe na alphaliner, itanga amakuru yo kohereza, biteganijwe ko amasosiyete 10 ayoboye ibicuruzwa bitwara ibicuruzwa byashyizwe ku rutonde biteganijwe ko azagera ku nyungu zingana na miliyari 115 z'amadolari ya Amerika agera kuri miliyari 120 z'amadolari ya Amerika mu 2021. Ibi biratangaje kandi birashobora guhindura imiterere y'inganda, kuko abasesengura alphaliner bavuze ko uku kwinjiza gushobora gusubirwamo.
Inganda nazo zungukiwe no kongera umusaruro mwinshi muri Aziya no gukenerwa cyane mu Burayi no muri Amerika.Bitewe n'ubushobozi buke bwa kontineri, ibicuruzwa byo mu nyanja byikubye hafi kabiri umwaka ushize, kandi iteganyagihe rya mbere ryerekana ko ibicuruzwa bishobora kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru mu 2022.
Abasesenguzi ba Xeneta bavuga ko amasezerano ya mbere mu 2022 agaragaza urwego rwo hejuru mu bihe biri imbere."Bizarangira ryari?"Abajijwe Patrick Berglund, umuyobozi mukuru wa xeneta.
"Abatwara ibicuruzwa bifuza ubutabazi bukenewe cyane mu mizigo bagiye bahura n'ikindi cyiciro cyo gukubita bikabije ku giciro cyo hasi. Umuyaga ukomeje kuba mwinshi ukenewe cyane, ubushobozi burenze urugero, ubwinshi bw’ibyambu, guhindura ingeso z’abaguzi no guhungabanya iminyururu muri rusange bitera umuvuduko. guturika, mvugishije ukuri, ntitwigeze tubibona. "
Urutonde rwamasosiyete akomeye atwara kontineri ku isi nayo yarahindutse.Alphaliner yatangaje mu mibare y’ubwikorezi bw’amato ku isi muri Mutarama ko Isosiyete itwara abantu mu nyanja ya Mediterane (MSc) yarenze Maersk ikaba sosiyete nini yo gutwara ibicuruzwa binini ku isi.
Ubu MSc ikora amato ya kontineri 645 ifite ubushobozi bwa 4284728 TEUs, mugihe Maersk ifite TEU 4282840 (736), kandi yinjiye kumwanya wambere hamwe na 2000. Ibigo byombi bifite imigabane 17% kumasoko yisi yose.
CMA CGM yo mu Bufaransa, ifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara abantu 3166621 TEU, yagaruye umwanya wa gatatu muri COSCO Group (2932779 TEU), ubu ikaba iri ku mwanya wa kane, ikurikiwe na Herbert Roth (1745032 TEU).Ariko, kuri s Ren Skou, umuyobozi mukuru wa Maersk, gutakaza umwanya wo hejuru ntabwo bisa nkikibazo gikomeye.
Mu itangazo ryashyizwe ahagaragara umwaka ushize, Skou yagize ati: "intego yacu si iyo kuba iya mbere. Intego yacu ni ugukorera akazi keza abakiriya bacu, gutanga inyungu nyinshi, kandi cyane cyane kuba sosiyete nziza. Abafatanyabikorwa mu gukora ubucuruzi hamwe na Maersk. "Yavuze kandi ko iyi sosiyete ifite akamaro kanini mu kwagura ubushobozi bw’ibikoresho hamwe n’inyungu nyinshi.
Kugira ngo iyi ntego igerweho, Mars yatangaje ko yaguze ibikoresho bya LF bifite icyicaro gikuru i Hong Kong mu Kuboza kugira ngo byongere ubushobozi ndetse n'ibikoresho byo mu karere ka Aziya ya pasifika.Miliyari 3.6 zamadorali y’amadorari yose ni kimwe mu byaguzwe cyane mu mateka y’isosiyete.
Muri uku kwezi, PSA International Pte Ltd (PSA) muri Singapuru yatangaje andi masezerano akomeye.Itsinda rya Port ryashyize umukono ku masezerano yo kugura 100% by'imigabane bwite ya BDP international, Inc. (BDP) mu itsinda ry’imigabane ya Greenbriar, LP (Greenbriar), isosiyete yigenga y’imigabane ifite icyicaro i New York.
Icyicaro gikuru i Philadelphia, BDP nisi yose itanga isoko ryogutanga amasoko, ubwikorezi nibisubizo byibikoresho.Hamwe n'ibiro 133 kwisi yose, kabuhariwe mugucunga imiyoboro ihanitse yo gutanga amasoko hamwe nibikoresho byibanze cyane hamwe nibisubizo bishya biboneka.
Tan Chong Meng, umuyobozi mukuru w’itsinda mpuzamahanga rya PSA, yagize ati: "BDP izaba PSA ya mbere mu kugura iyi miterere - urwego rw’ibicuruzwa bitangwa ku isi ndetse n’umushinga utanga ibisubizo by’ubwikorezi bifite ubushobozi bw’ibikoresho bya nyuma. Ibyiza byayo bizuzuza kandi byongere ubushobozi bwa PSA. gutanga ibisubizo byoroshye, byoroshye kandi bishya by’imizigo. Abakiriya bazungukirwa n’ubushobozi bwagutse bwa BDP na PSA mu gihe byihutisha ihinduka ryabo mu buryo burambye bwo gutanga amasoko. "Igicuruzwa kiracyakeneye kwemezwa byemewe ninzego zibishinzwe hamwe nubundi buryo bwo gufunga bisanzwe.
Urunigi rukomeye nyuma y’icyorezo narwo rwagize ingaruka ku mikurire y’ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere.
Dukurikije imibare y’isoko ry’imizigo ku isi yashyizwe ahagaragara n’ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga ryo gutwara abantu n'ibintu mu kirere (IATA), ubwiyongere bwatinze mu Gushyingo 2021.
Nubwo ubukungu bwifashe neza mu nganda, ihungabana ry’ibicuruzwa hamwe n’ubushobozi buke byagize ingaruka ku cyifuzo.Kubera ko ingaruka z'iki cyorezo zigoreka kugereranya ibisubizo buri kwezi muri 2021 na 2020, igereranya ryakozwe mu Gushyingo 2019, rikurikiza uburyo busanzwe bukenewe.
Nk’uko imibare ya IATA ibigaragaza, icyifuzo ku isi gipima kilometero toni y'ibicuruzwa (ctks) cyiyongereyeho 3,7% ugereranije no mu Gushyingo 2019 (4.2% ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga).Ibi biri munsi yiterambere rya 8.2% mu Kwakira 2021 (2% kubucuruzi mpuzamahanga) n'amezi ashize.
Mu gihe ubukungu bukomeje gushyigikira ubwiyongere bw’imizigo yo mu kirere, ihungabana ry’ibicuruzwa ridindiza iterambere bitewe n’ibura ry’abakozi, bimwe bitewe no gutandukanya abakozi, umwanya uhagije wo guhunikamo ku bibuga by’indege bimwe na bimwe ndetse no kongera ibicuruzwa mu gihe cy’umwaka urangiye.
Ibitero byavuzwe ku bibuga by’indege byinshi, birimo ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Kennedy cya New York, Los Angeles ndetse n’ikibuga cy’indege cya Schiphol cya Amsterdam.Nyamara, kugurisha ibicuruzwa muri Amerika no mu Bushinwa bikomeje gukomera.Muri Amerika, kugurisha ibicuruzwa biri hejuru ya 23.5% ugereranije n’urwego rwo mu Gushyingo 2019, mu gihe mu Bushinwa, kugurisha kuri interineti inshuro 11 ni 60.8% ugereranije n’urwego rwo muri 2019.
Muri Amerika ya Ruguru, ubwiyongere bw'imizigo yo mu kirere bukomeje guterwa no gukenerwa cyane.Ugereranyije n'Ugushyingo 2019, ubwikorezi mpuzamahanga bw'imizigo y'indege z'igihugu bwiyongereyeho 11.4% mu Gushyingo 2021. Ibi byari hasi cyane ugereranije n'ibyakozwe mu Kwakira (20.3%).Urunigi rutanga amasoko manini manini atwara ibicuruzwa muri Amerika yagize ingaruka ku mikurire.Ubushobozi bwo gutwara abantu bwaragabanutseho 0.1% ugereranije no mu Gushyingo 2019.
Ugereranije n'ukwezi kumwe muri 2019, ubwikorezi mpuzamahanga bw'imizigo y'indege z'i Burayi mu Gushyingo 2021 bwiyongereyeho 0.3%, ariko ibi byagabanutse cyane ugereranije na 7.1% mu Kwakira 2021.
Ingendo z’indege z’i Burayi zirebwa n’uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa hamwe n’ubushobozi buke bwaho.Ugereranije n’urwego rwabanjirije ibibazo, ubushobozi mpuzamahanga bwo gutwara abantu mu Gushyingo 2021 bwagabanutseho 9.9%, naho ubushobozi bwo gutwara abantu n’inzira nini zo muri Aziya bwagabanutseho 7.3% muri icyo gihe.
Mu Gushyingo 2021, ubwikorezi mpuzamahanga bw’imizigo y’indege ya Aziya ya Pasifika bwiyongereyeho 5.2% ugereranije n’ukwezi kumwe muri 2019, gusa munsi gato yo kwiyongera kwa 5.9% mu kwezi gushize.Ubushobozi mpuzamahanga bwo gutwara abantu mu karere bwagabanutseho gato mu Gushyingo, bugabanuka 9.5% ugereranije na 2019.
Biragaragara ko iki cyorezo cyagaragaje intege nke z’urwego rutanga amasoko ku isi - ikibazo inganda z’ibikoresho zizakomeza guhura nazo muri uyu mwaka.Urwego rwo hejuru rworoha nubufatanye bwa hafi hagati yimpande zose murwego rwo gutanga amasoko birakenewe kugirango twitegure neza ikibazo kandi twizeye guhangana nigihe cyicyorezo cya nyuma.
Ishoramari mu bikorwa remezo byo gutwara abantu, nk'ishoramari rinini muri Amerika, rishobora gufasha kuzamura imikorere y'ibyambu n'ibibuga by'indege, mu gihe digitisation na automatisation ari ngombwa kugira ngo turusheho kunoza imikorere y'ibikoresho.Ariko, ibidashobora kwibagirana nibintu byabantu.Ibura ry'umurimo - ntabwo ari abashoferi b'amakamyo gusa - byerekana ko hakiri imbaraga zo gukomeza ibikoresho byo gutanga ibikoresho.
Kuvugurura urwego rutanga kugirango birambye ni ikindi kibazo.
Inganda zikoreshwa mu bikoresho ziracyafite akazi kenshi ko gukora, nta gushidikanya ko zigaragaza ubushobozi bwazo bwo gutanga ibisubizo byoroshye kandi bihanga.
Inkomoko: gucunga ibikoresho
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-31-2022
